Installing Wine on Mac OS X

This tutorial is for intermediate users who want to install and use Wine on their computer running Mac OS X. You should already know the basics of how to use the command line. If you don't, read this tutorial first.

What is Wine?

Wine is awesome. No, I'm not talking about the kind you drink, I mean the kind that lets you run Windows apps without the Windows operating system. It's kind of Zen, when you think about it. Oh, and did I mention it's completely free, legal, and open source?
Nowadays, Windows and Mac play nicely together. You can install Windows and Mac side by side and switch between them using Boot Camp, but that requires a reboot every time, and you can only use one operating system at a time. You can also use a tool like Parallels Desktop or VMware Fusion to virtualize Windows and run it together with Mac, but virtualization is slow and it takes up a lot of memory. (Your physical computer creates an imaginary "virtual" computer within itself, and runs Windows on that. That takes a lot of resources!) On top of that, all of these solutions require you to own a legal copy of Windows, which isn't cheap!
Wine is different. When any program runs, it requests resources like memory and disk space from the operating system. All that Wine does is make sure that those requests get answered so that the program can run correctly. As far as the program knows, everything is going smoothly because it has everything it needs. It never even realizes that it's not running on Windows! It's simpler than emulating a whole new computer, so it's faster. Since it's just translating requests, you don't need a copy of the actual Windows operating system. Plus, Wine is open source, which means people are continually improving it and adding new features. And you can't beat the price!

Will My Program Work With Wine?

A lot of people discover Wine because they have one specific Windows program that they need to use, and it's the last thing preventing them from switching to a different operating system. So, the big question is, will it work? The short answer is: probably, but it's worth checking.
The Wine project maintains a database called the AppDB that has user reviews of how well specific Windows programs work under Wine. Search for your program and find out! (If it's not listed, that doesn't necessarily mean that it won't work — only that you're apparently trying to use a very obscure program!)

Requirements

To install Wine on your Mac, you will need the following:

An Intel Mac: Unfortunately, you can't install Wine on an older PowerPC Mac: it will only work with an Intel Mac. All new Macs use Intel processors. To see if your Mac has an Intel processor, go to the Apple logo on the far left of the toolbar, select About This Mac, and look at the Processor description. If it contains the word "Intel," you're good to go!
Access to an Admin account, with password: You can't install software unless you're an Admin. You will need to be logged in to this Admin account during the installation. If there is only one account on your computer, it is an Admin account. Also, the account must have a password set: if the account has no password, the sudo utility will fail. To set or change your password, go to the Accounts section in System Preferences.
Apple Xcode: If you're running Lion (10.7), you've got it easy: just install Xcode from the Mac App Store. If you're running an earlier version, you can install Xcode from your Mac OS X installation DVD, or you can download it from the Apple website. It's free, but to download it you'll need to get a free Apple Developer account first. If you're running Snow Leopard (10.6), you'll need Xcode 3.2 or higher. If you're running Leopard (10.5), you'll need Xcode 3.1. If you're running Tiger (10.4), you'll need Xcode 2.5.
Java Development Package: If you're running Lion (10.7), you can install Java automatically just by running the Java Preferences application. (Detailed instructions here.) If you're not running Lion, you'll need to install this from Apple. There's one version for Snow Leopard (10.6), and one version for Leopard (10.5). Grab the right one and install it.
X11: X11 is installed by default on Snow Leopard and Leopard. If you are running Tiger, you can install X11 from your Tiger installation DVD using the "Optional Installs.mpkg" file.
An internet connection: If you're reading this tutorial, you should be set.
About an hour: Don't worry, you won't need to be actually sitting at your computer for most of that time.

Part 1: Install MacPorts

MacPorts is a package manager that makes installing open source programs much easier. In particular, trying to install a large program like Wine without the help of a package manager would be tremendously difficult. Fortunately, MacPorts itself is simple to install.

On the MacPorts website, go to the Download and Installation page and download the appropriate "dmg" disk image for your computer.
Double-click the file you downloaded, and double-click the .pkg file to run the installer.

Part 2: Configure MacPorts

MacPorts needs a little bit of setup to work properly.

Open up the Terminal and copy and paste the following into it. Remember not to include the dollar sign ($) at the beginning.
```
$ echo export PATH=/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:\$PATH$'\n'export MANPATH=/opt/local/man:\$MANPATH | sudo tee -a /etc/profile
```
The Terminal will ask for your password: this is the password to the Admin account on your computer. As a security measure, the Terminal does not display anything as you type, not even asterisks (*). Type your password anyway, and press enter. If you ran the command correctly, the Terminal should respond with:
```
export PATH=/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:$PATH
export MANPATH=/opt/local/man:$MANPATH
```
If you didn't get that response, it might be because the Admin account doesn't have a password set. Setting a password is required.
Next, run this command (without the $):
```
$ if [ `sysctl -n hw.cpu64bit_capable` -eq 1 ] ; then echo "+universal" | sudo tee -a /opt/local/etc/macports/variants.conf; else echo "not 64bit capable"; fi
```
If you have a newer computer running Snow Leopard, the Terminal will respond with "+universal". If you have an older computer, the Terminal will respond with "not 64bit capable". Either way is fine, but MacPorts needs to know one way or the other, and that command should do the trick.
Close and reopen the Terminal window.

Part 3: Install Wine Using MacPorts

Let's start using MacPorts right away! To tell MacPorts that you want it to install Wine for you, all you have to do is enter this command (without the $):

$ sudo port install wine

You may be asked for your Admin account password again. The Terminal will start displaying lots of information. This is absolutely normal — MacPorts is just keeping you updated on what it's doing. This flow of information will be your guide to let you know whether or not the computer is still working. It will take a while for the install to finish: at least half an hour. As long as the Terminal keeps on giving you more information about what it's doing, don't interrupt it. Feel free to leave and do something else while the computer is installing Wine. When the Terminal stops giving you more information and is ready for another command, Wine is installed and ready to go!
Note: If you get an error message at this step that reads error: C compiler cannot create executables or Failed to locate 'make' in path, it means you forgot to install Xcode. See the requirements.

Part 4: Install Windows Programs Using Wine

To install a Windows program, first download the installer file: it should end with .exe. Remember the location you put it, and open up the Terminal again. cd to the location, and use ls to make sure you can see the installer file. (Note: if you do not know what cd and ls are, you should learn how to use the command line before using Wine.)
Once you are in the correct directory, run the installer through Wine by running the following command in the Terminal:

$ wine $INSTALLER.exe

Where $INSTALLER is the name of the installer file. For example, if the installer file is named setup.exe, you would run:

$ wine setup.exe

X11 will open (if it isn't already), and soon you will see a regular graphical Windows installer. Click through it, and you're done!

Part 5: Run Windows Programs Using Wine

Open up the Terminal and run this to get to your Program Files folder:

$ cd ~/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/

Run ls to see what programs you have installed. Pick a program, and enter its directory using cd. (If the folder has a space in it, you must type a \ before the space. For example, Program\ Files. If you're having problems, try using tab autocomplete.) There should be a file that ends in .exe: this is the program file. Type this into Terminal:

$ wine $PROGRAM.exe

Where $PROGRAM is the name of the .exe file. X11 will open (if it isn't already), and the program will pop up, ready to use! It will probably open fullscreen: to reduce it in size, go open the Window menu from the Mac OS X menu bar, and select Zoom Window. You can then resize the program normally. Enjoy using Windows on your Mac, freely and legally!

Making a Dock Icon

Many people want to be able to run Windows programs the same way they run other programs on the Mac: by clicking an icon in the Dock. Wine isn't specifically designed to support this, but with a little trickery, we can make it do what we want.
Note: Wine prints out error messages in the Terminal when something goes wrong. By launching Windows programs via a Dock icon, you are sidestepping the Terminal, which means that if something does go wrong and Wine has to quit, it will not be able to tell you what the problem was. The first step to solving a problem is knowing what it is, so without running Wine from the Terminal, you won't be able to fix it, and neither will anyone else. Running from the Dock is fine as long as your program seems to be working correctly, but if it crashes, the first thing you should try is running it from the Terminal instead: it won't prevent the program from crashing, but it will give you some clues on how to fix the problem.
In order to launch a Windows program via the Dock, we're going to write an AppleScript that launches the program for us, and then put that AppleScript in the Dock. Essentially, we're writing a program ourselves! Don't worry, it's easy enough. There is a program on your computer that is designed for helping you write AppleScripts: it's called "Script Editor" if you're on 10.4 or 10.5, or it's called "AppleScript Editor" if you're on 10.6. Whichever one you have is fine: I'm going to refer to the program as Script Editor for the rest of the tutorial. You can find this Script Editor program in the /Applications/Utilities directory of your computer, same as the Terminal itself.
Open up your Script Editor. You should see a window with a large area you can type in near the top: this is where you write your AppleScript. In that area, type the following text:

tell application "Terminal"
    do script "/opt/local/bin/wine ~/.wine/drive_c/Program\\ Files/$PATH_TO_PROGRAM.exe"
end tell

You'll need to replace $PATH_TO_PROGRAM with the path from the Program Files directory to your program executable. You can see that you're simply telling the AppleScript to run a line of code in the Terminal: the same line of code that you could run to start your Windows program.
Next, press the Compile button at the top of the window. The text should become colored to indicate that Script Editor understands what you wrote. You can also try pressing the Run button to run your script: it should open the Windows program successfully.
Lastly, save your script. You can give it whatever name you'd like, but be sure to select File Format: Application in the save options, and leave Startup Screen unchecked.
Open up the Finder, go to where you saved your script, and drag that file to your Dock. It should stay there, just like a real application -- because it is a real application! However, all it does is run that launcher command for you, so you can move the application around, rename it, or even delete it, and it won't affect the Windows program that you're running.

Keeping Wine Up to Date

Wine is an open source program. That means that programmers around the world are continually improving it, adding new features and squashing bugs. If you don't update Wine, though, it will never get those improvements, so it's generally a good idea to check for updates every so often. We can use MacPorts to keep Wine up to date: it's easy! Just run this command:

$ sudo port selfupdate && sudo port upgrade outdated

Once again, you will need to enter your Admin account password. With this command, MacPorts will first update itself, if any updates are available. It will then find all the outdated software it knows about (including Wine) and upgrade them all to the latest version. Checking for updates isn't strictly necessary, as Wine runs quite well currently. However, it's a good idea to run this command every few months or so.

Uninstalling Wine and MacPorts

If you try Wine and you don't like it, uninstalling it is easy. Just run this command:

$ sudo port uninstall wine

And MacPorts will helpfully remove Wine from your computer. However, in order to install Wine, MacPorts also had to install many other small programs that Wine relies upon to work correctly. (That's why the install process takes so long!) If you want to remove these as well, it's simplest to just delete your entire MacPorts installation with the following command:

$ sudo rm -rf /opt ~/.wine /Applications/MacPorts

That command should remove everything that you installed in this tutorial, including MacPorts, Wine, and all the other programs MacPorts installed to get Wine to work correctly.
So why would you ever use the first of those two commands, rather than the second? Well, MacPorts can install a lot more than just Wine. There are a whole bunch of nifty programs you can easily install using MacPorts, such as GraphViz (a very swanky graphing tool), Battle for Wesnoth (a turn-based strategy game), and GIMP (an image editor, like Adobe Photoshop). And just like Wine, every program available on MacPorts is free and open source. Even if you decide Wine isn't for you, MacPorts might have something else you might like. Take a look!

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quinta-feira, 10 de novembro de 2011